John j



UNITED STATES PATENT OFF ion. I

JOHN J. RALYA, or ANDERSON, INDIANA.

SAW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 364,131, dated May 31, 1887.

Application filed July 19, 1886. Serial No. 208,440. (ModeL) To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. RALYA, of Anderson, in the county of Madison and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Saw-Teeth; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawin gs, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to a special and novel construction of saw-teeth and of saws provided with the same, as will hereinafter fully appear, and having for its objects more efficient and rapid cutting, the prevention of bending or crumbling away of the extreme end of the cuttingteeth, the effecting of a better clearance, and the saving of much time and expense incident to the gumming of saws, and other advantages hereinafter named.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows in plan view sufficient of a crosscut-saw to illustrate my invention; Fig. 2, acentral lengthwise section, enlarged, through one of the cuttingteeth; Fig. 3, an edge view of one of the cutting-teeth; Fig. 4, an edge view of one of the clearing or drag teeth. 7

My invention is applicable for saws of other kinds as well as for crosscut ones.

A is the body or plate ofthe saw; B B, the cutting-teeth; C O, the clearing or drag teeth; E E, the large wide deep spaces between the cutting-teeth and the drag-teeth; F, the shallow and narrow spaces between the cuttingteeth B B.

I will first describe the peculiar construction of the cutting-teeth B B. Each of them is made with a double bevel, or rather with twobevels, g 71, the two bevels' meeting at an obtuse angle, 43, and the outer edge of the bevel h constituting the cutting-edge, and these two bevels meeting to form the point of each cutting-tooth. This double bevel, it is found in practice, affords, among others, the following advantages, namely: It allows of greater thickness, and consequently greater strength and durability, of the tooth than if made with the customary single bevel or chisel edge, because a single bevel would not permit that to extend it back far from the tip or edge of the teeth, because this reduces for too great a distance from such tip or edge the thickness of the metal, and renders it laterally yielding and flexible, and thus impairing the work and the strength and the wear of the teeth and of the saw, but by making the second bevel, h, which meets the plane of the metalat agreater or more obtuse angle than the bevel 9 would if projected, this latter bevel may be permitted to extend backward a much greater distance than could be done with a single straight bevel, because at no point in the line of this bevel g is the thickness of the blade or tooth less than is shown at i, and the tooth therefore is :secure against any undue thinness, weakness, or liability to bend or to get out of good operative shape. This double bevel, furthermore, gives a clearance without affecting the extreme point of the tooth, and allows the teeth to sink into the wood or log more rapidly than with any other saw known to me. The general strength of all these teeth B B is thus enhanced, and the saw is proportionately valuable in the manner, rapidity, and (30111- pleteness of its Work, in its lesser liability to damage, in its needing sharpening less frequently, and in its longer wear when in use.

The shallow and narrow spaces F between the cuttingteeth not only permit these teeth to be near to each other, and thus, being part of the same projection J. of the blade, serving to support each other, but another great advantage results from this-namely, that the saw needs but little, if any, special gurnming of the space F, because the very act ofsharpening the cutters will, by reason of the requisite position of the edge of the file by the action of any other sharpening-instrument, at the same time gum or cutaway the bottom line, Z, of the space F, thus saving the time and labor usually required especially for gumming, besides avoiding the loss of time and the removal of the saw to take it to a gumming-machine, emerywheel, or other gumming device.

Another feature of myimproved saw relates to a provision of large ample space between the drag-teeth and each pair of cutting-teeth for the better clearing of the sawdust from the log, while at the same time bringing the right and left cutting-teeth of each pair comparatively near to each other, with a small narrow space between them. This large broad deep space E is preferably made quadrangular, as shown, in a straight saw, and of a depth and width, say, from four to five times as great as those of the narrow space F. This latter space, also, is preferably of rectangular shape, or nearly so, and each of these spaces F, as well as its two adjacent cutting-teeth, is made in each of the projecting parts J of theplate, which is located between two of the large spaces E. The smallspace F thusbut slightly affects the strength of the parts J, and the cutting-teeth thus praeticall y support each other, and their requisite stiffness is preserved as well as or better than when a single short cuttingtooth only is made, as customary; and in a saw of given length I get as many cutting-teeth as in ordinary saws, notwithstanding the fact that .so much of the length of the saw is taken for the broad'spaces. The advancing cutter of one pair is preferably sharpened on the side opposite that of the advancing one of the next adjacent pair. It thus more freely enters the kerf or cut as made by thelast preceding cutting-tooth. I find that mysaws stand stiffer and cut smoother and faster than any known to me. 7

Two drag-teeth, O G, are cut in the end of each projection K, the two teeth being formed on a projection similar, but preferably somewhat narrower, than those in which the cutter-teeth are made. They are of uniform thickness with the saw'plate and formed by two downwardly inclined cuts meeting on nearly meeting at the center of the projection K. By not having these cuts meet at a positive acute angle at their bottom, there is an avoidance of liability to become clogged-by sawdust or bits of wood.

I find that with my invention, besides sawing nearlytwice as fast as usual, there is great saving in the expense of gumming, which is an important item,not only because of the cost of gumming and the gradual waste of the material of the saw, but also because of throwing the saw out of use while being gummed.

As already stated, the small space F needs no special gumming, the sharpening of the saw servingto deepen the space as needed.

The large space E is not likely to need gumming; but, if it should, it can be done by any inexperienced person, without removing the saw, by filing it away with the fiat wide side of a file, and at but little waste of time and without any expense.

I claim 1. A sawtooth made, as described, with a double -bevelcd point-'that is, having the bevels 9 extending toward but not reaching to the edge of the tooth and the other bevels, It,

meeting said bevels at an obtuse angle and continued to form a cutting-edge on the tooth.

2. In a saw, the series of long projections J, each having at its extremity a pair of short cutting-teeth, B B, with a small open space between them, and each tooth having its out ter double-beveled, as shown and described.

3. In a saw made with the series of pairs of cutters having small shallow spaces F between the cutters of each pair, the cutters each having the double bevels, as described, and with the series of pairs of drag-teeth, the space between each drag-tooth and each pair of cutters being very broad and deep, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a erosseut-saw having the deep broad spaces E between" the cutting-teeth and the dragteeth and the narrow shallow spaces F between each pair of eutting'teethflhe double beveled cutting-teeth B B, the teeth B of adjacent pairs being beveled on one side or face and the other or more distant teeth, B, being beveled on the opposite side or face,and where by the forward or advancing cutter of each pair shall enter at one side of the kerf and the rear cutter of the next following pair shall en- 

